In terms of image orientation, how is a Keplerian telescope different from a Galilean telescope?

A Keplerian telescope utilizes a combination of two convex lenses, which results in an inverted image. This means that the image you see through a Keplerian telescope appears upside-down compared to the actual scene being observed. The optical design of the Keplerian telescope, with its objective and eyepiece both being convex, is primarily focused on achieving magnification and producing a flat image field, but this yields an inverted orientation.

In contrast, the Galilean telescope, which consists of a convex lens as the objective and a concave lens as the eyepiece, produces an upright image. Therefore, the orientation of images differs markedly between the two types of telescopes, with the Keplerian telescope always yielding an inverted view. This distinct characteristic of the Keplerian telescope emphasizes its different optical principles compared to the Galilean design.