What condition is characterized by pigmentary degeneration of the retina?

The condition characterized by pigmentary degeneration of the retina is retinitis pigmentosa. This genetic disorder leads to progressive vision loss due to the degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina, specifically the rods and cones responsible for sensing light and color. As the disease progresses, individuals typically experience difficulty seeing in low light and may also develop tunnel vision as peripheral vision diminishes.

In retinitis pigmentosa, the accumulation of pigment deposits in the retinal cells is a hallmark feature, which distinguishes it from other eye conditions. These deposits can lead to progressive vision impairment over time, ultimately affecting central vision as well. This specific pattern of retinal degeneration is integral for clinical diagnosis and management of the disease.

Other conditions listed do not have the characteristic pigmentary changes in the retina. Glaucoma primarily affects the optic nerve and is associated with increased intraocular pressure, cataract involves clouding of the lens, and macular degeneration affects the macula primarily leading to central vision loss, but does not involve pigmentary changes typical of retinitis pigmentosa.