What disorder is characterized by a buildup of fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye?

The disorder characterized by a buildup of fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye is glaucoma. This condition results when intraocular pressure increases, often due to the fluid called aqueous humor not draining properly. The increased pressure can lead to damage to the optic nerve, potentially resulting in vision loss if not treated. Glaucoma can manifest in various forms, with open-angle glaucoma being the most common type, where the drainage canals become clogged over time.

Cataract, retinitis, and macular degeneration do not involve the buildup of fluid in the anterior chamber. Cataracts are clouding of the lens, retinitis refers to inflammation of the retina, and macular degeneration is a progressive condition affecting the central part of the retina, leading to vision impairment. Each of these disorders has different causes and effects on vision, but they are not directly related to fluid accumulation in the anterior chamber like glaucoma.