What is the primary function of the sclera?

The primary function of the sclera is to provide structure and protection to the eye. It is a tough, white outer layer that completely encases the eyeball, helping to maintain its shape and offering a protective barrier against injury and infections. This structural integrity is essential for the proper functioning of the eye, as it supports the internal components and ensures that they remain in place.

While the sclera does not play direct roles in light refraction, intraocular pressure regulation, or color perception, it does serve as the attachment point for the eye muscles, thereby enabling movement. This sturdy protective layer allows other functional parts of the eye, like the cornea and retina, to perform their roles effectively while safeguarding the delicate internal structures from external threats.