What ocular disease is characterized by a sustained increase in intraocular pressure?

Glaucoma is the ocular disease that is characterized by a sustained increase in intraocular pressure. This condition occurs when the fluid in the eye, known as aqueous humor, does not drain properly, leading to elevated pressure within the eye. Over time, this increased pressure can damage the optic nerve, which is crucial for vision, and may lead to vision loss.

Glaucoma often develops gradually and can be asymptomatic in its early stages, making routine eye exams essential for early detection and management. Understanding this condition is crucial because it directly relates to the health of the optic nerve and overall visual function. While other ocular diseases can affect vision, they are not primarily defined by intraocular pressure levels like glaucoma is.